Smart Manufacturing Technology: Architecture, Applications, Challenges, and Future Perspectives

• Amelia Chen

  Author

Smart manufacturing technology represents a transformative paradigm in modern industrial systems, integrating advanced digital technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), big data analytics, cyber-physical systems (CPS), and cloud computing to enhance productivity, flexibility, and sustainability. Driven by the concept of Industry 4.0, smart manufacturing enables real-time monitoring, adaptive control, and data-driven decision-making across the entire product lifecycle. This paper provides a comprehensive review of smart manufacturing technology, examining its conceptual foundations, system architecture, core enabling technologies, industrial applications, benefits, and challenges. Furthermore, the study discusses emerging trends and future research directions, emphasizing the role of intelligent automation, human–machine collaboration, and sustainable manufacturing. The paper aims to offer a systematic academic reference for researchers, engineers, and policymakers involved in the digital transformation of manufacturing systems.

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